dos. Product and methods

Data were collected using the WBQ tool from in the area of Athens, Greece from 473 individuals aged 16–86 (42 ± 18 years) (221 males) in summer and from 511 individuals aged 16–86 (38 ± 20 years) (245 males) in winter, stratified by age and sex according to the Hellenic Statistical Authority . All volunteers were informed on the objectives of the study and the procedures involved and signed an informed consent. The retrieved data were confidential, and the study followed the ethical considerations provided by The Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki). The WBQ incorporates a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire validated to record energy intake against three-day diaries (p < 0.001)>

Particularly, the fresh WBQ brings: (A) data for the reputation of your own new member; (B) tape off consumption to your time of the early in the day few days away from solid and you will fluid eating, h2o otherwise drinks away from a partial-quantitative dinner volume questionnaire (FFQ) out of 58 items validated to possess estimating times consumption as well as the most sugar and you treffit Espanja-naiset will honey that is put into beverages; and (C) estimation out-of exercise along with their this new Internationally Physical working out Questionnaire (IPAQ) , and therefore facts lifetime of physical activity at the about three pastime membership (intense, reasonable, light do it) otherwise sedentary conditions. New IPAQ has been validated in the past since the a cross-national software for tape exercise [20,21,22] in order to imagine times expenses.

The power and you may water stuff out of recorded snacks and you can beverages is reviewed utilizing the Eating plan Data As well as (Wadsworth Publishing Co Inc., Belmont, California, USA), and this uses structure data on the USDA National Nutrient Databases and you may chose Greek food (we.age., mousakas, pastitsio, Greek yogurt, lentiles kidney beans soups, several Greek pies, souvlaki, stuffed tomatoes) . Considering total times consumption and effort cost, energy harmony is evaluated also.

Contained in this studies, “drinks” refers to fruits juice or manufactured juice 100% rather than sugar stuff, sugar-sweet tasting drinks (SSDs) (good fresh fruit nectar which have sugar, sodas which have glucose and energy/isotonic products), low-calorie soft drinks, tea and you may natural infusions, whole milk (all types of milk products, chocolate milk and cocoa take in), milkshake and sherbets, coffee and coffees drinks, and alcohol (alcohol, wines as well as types of liquor). “Drink energy intake (DEI)” relates to opportunity intake regarding drinks “overall opportunity consumption (TEI)” so you’re able to energy intake of all of the offer and you may “times consumption out-of foods” to help you energy consumption off strong and you may fluid food (age.grams., soups). The new sum out-of drinks communities in order to overall times consumption (data off Malisova et al. 2013), showed since total drinking habits (TWI), i.age., h2o away from products, liquid, strong and you can liquid edibles and as take in water intake (DWI), i.age., h2o off drinks and water.

step three. Mathematical Investigation

Email address details are displayed because the mean ± sd to the typically distributed details and you can average (P25–P75) for the skewed of them. Normality are looked at by using the likelihood–opportunities area (P–P area) and histograms. Differences between someone regarding your full opportunity intake, opportunity of products, energy out of dishes, times costs, opportunity harmony, drinking habits, drinking water regarding drinking water and products, liquids from drinks, water from drinking water, h2o out of snacks, water loss and you may liquids harmony have been reviewed on separate attempt t-decide to try to the typically marketed details plus the Mann-Whittney You-test to the skewed of them. Also, differences between the brand new five quartiles of time off beverages was basically examined on that-way ANOVA F-decide to try for the generally speaking marketed parameters therefore the Kruskal-Wallis H Test on skewed of these. Benefits top is actually lay within 5%. Correlations involving the share from products to water intake inside the family relations so you’re able to time during the winter season and you may june had been checked-out from the Pearson’s or Spearman’s correlation coefficients to own usually marketed otherwise skewed parameters. All the statistical analyses performed playing with PASW Statistics 18 (SPSS Inc, Chi town, IL, USA).